- The CPU executes instructions tied to a process; the operating system manages processes by scheduling CPU time and maintaining processor state (Wikimedia Foundation, 2025).
- A new abstraction for memory: the address space. The address space creates a kind of abstract memory for programs to use (Tanenbaum & Bos, 2022).
- OS provides uniform, logical view of information storage Abstracts physical properties to logical storage unit – file Each medium is controlled by device (i.e., disk drive, tape drive) (Silberschatz et al., 2011 ).
- Applications need to access system resources such as memory, files, and networks. System calls provide a standardized interface for applications to request these resources from the OS (Prepbytes, 2023).
Prepbytes. (2023, March 2). System calls in operating system : Types and working in os. PrepBytes Blog. https://prepbytes.com/blog/system-calls-in-operating-system/
Silberschatz, A., Galvin P.B., & Gagne, G. (2011) Operating system concepts essentials (8th Edition). Wiley. https://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/os-book/OS8/os8e/slide-dir/index.html
Tanenbaum, A. S., & Bos, H. (2022). Modern operating systems (5th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137618941
Wikimedia Foundation. (2025, June 27). Process (computing). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_%28computing%29?utm_source=chatgpt.com
